Mumakore achangopfuura, kuzivikanwa kwevakabatwa nevanofungidzirwa kuburikidza nematattoo Yachinja kubva pakuva chishandiso chekubatsira kusvika pakuva chinhu chikuru mukuferefeta kwemhosva dzakawanda. Kana mamiriro emuviri, kushaya magwaro, kana kufamba kwenguva zvichipesana nazvo, mifananidzo iyi paganda inova rudzi rwechitupa chinogara kwenguva refu chinovhura mukana wekuwana maronda matsva.
Nyaya dzichangobva kuitika munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotaura chiSpanish dzinoratidza kuti matattoo, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri, zvinobvumira zvikwata zvekuongorora kuti zviite kufambira mberi mune maitiro ekuziva angadai akavharirwaKunyangwe vezvenhau vachinyanya kutarisa kuLatin America, matekiniki nemaitiro anoshandiswa akafanana zvikuru neaya anoshandiswa nhasi muEurope, kusanganisira Spain, uko kushandiswa kwemadhatabhesi ematattoo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana kwatova chikamu chebasa renguva dzose rekuziva munhu.
Kana matattoo ava kiyi yekuziva vanhu vakabatwa
Mumwe wemienzaniso yakajeka yehuremu hwetsika iyi unogona kuonekwa mukuponda vanhu uko vanobatwa nemhosva vanoonekwa munzvimbo dziri kure, dzisina magwaro akawanda, kana kuti mu mamiriro ezvinhu anotadzisa kuona zvakanangaMumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vaongorori vanobva vatendeukira kune chero chiratidzo chinoonekwa paganda: mazuva, mazita, zviratidzo, kana mitsara inogona kusanganiswa nenhoroondo chaiyo yemunhu.
Mune imwe nyaya ichangoburwa, kuzivikanwa kwevechidiki vaviri Izvi zvakakwanisika nekuda kwechimiro chimwe chete chakanyorwa pamaoko avo: nyuchi ine zuva rine nhambaNyaya iyi, iyo pakutanga yakangobata pfungwa dzevanhu nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hunoshamisa uye hwakangoitikawo, yakazopedzisira yava yakakosha pakuvhura nzira chaiyo mukuferefeta uye kusimbisa kuti vanhu vakaurayiwa vaiva vanaani chaizvo.
Zviri nyore kuita izvi zvinopesana nekuoma kwenyaya dzekuongorora mafambiro ezvirwere. Mitumbi inowanzosvika mumarabhoritari mu kuora kwakanyanya kana mushure mekushungurudzwa zvakanyanyaIzvi zvinomanikidza nyanzvi kuti dzishandise chero chinhu chinoonekwa. Tattoo inoonekwa zvishoma, kunyangwe izwi kana chikamu chedate, inogona kukwana kutanga kutaurirana nemhuri, shamwari, kana madhatabhesi ekare.
MuEurope, uye kunyanya muSpain, Mapurisa neVarindi veHurumende vanotevedzera maitiro akafanana: panguva yekuongorora kwehunyanzvi hwemutumbi, matattoo anonyorwa rimwe nerimwe nemifananidzo netsananguro dzakadzama, izvo zvinosanganisirwa mumishumo yemapurisa uye mu zvinyorwa zvakananga zvezviratidzo zvakasiyanaRuzivo urwu runopedzisira rwava chinhu chakakosha kana ruchienzaniswa nemishumo yevanhu vakarasika.
Saka, kuzivikanwa nemavara emuviri kwave chinhu chinobatsira, kunyangwe chiri chega, chinowedzera uye chinosimbisa dzimwe nzira dzakadai sekuongorora zvigunwe, kuongorora odontology kana kuongorora DNA, kuderedza nguva yakatarwa uye kuvhura mabasa ayo, zvikasadaro, aigona kutora mavhiki kuti abude.
Kufananidza matattoo, kuurayiwa uye kufambira mberi kwekuferefeta kwe forensic
Nyaya yevakadzi vaviri vakawanikwa vakafa munzvimbo yekumaruwa iri kure inoratidza kuti kufananidza tattoo chaiyo Inogona kutungamira kuferefeta kubva mumaawa ayo ekutanga. Zvose zvaive nedhizaini imwe chete: nyuchi nemusanganiswa wenhamba wairatidza zvakajeka zuva rinokosha, 07.10.2021, rakanyorwa paruoko.
Pakutanga, kufanana kwavo mumuviri uye mapatani akafanana etattoo kwakaita kuti vakuru vakuru vafunge kuti vaiva hanzvadzi. Zvisinei, zvakazoonekwa kuti vaiva hama dzemukoma kana kuti hanzvadzi mushure mekunge mitumbi yaendeswa kunzvimbo yekuongorora mafiroko uye vanhu vavaizivana navo vasvika. Rudzi rweVenezuela uye nekugara kwemwedzi mishoma munyika iyiTattoo yakafanana, kwete kuti inongova nyaya yekufungidzira, yakashanda sechisungo pakati pehumbowo hwechokwadi neruzivo rwakapihwa nezvapupu.
Nzvimbo yakawanikwa mitumbi—mugwagwa wechipiri munzvimbo iri kure inorimwa mabhanana—pamwe chete nepakanga papfurwa maronda mumusoro nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, zvakaita kuti vaongorori vafunge kubva pakutanga nezvefungidziro yekuti pane kurongwa kwekuitaVamiririri vakaunganidza humbowo hunopfuura makumi maviri munzvimbo iyi, hwakaiswa muchiitiko ichi nechinangwa chekuvakazve kufamba kwevakabatwa uye nzira inogona kushandiswa nevapambi.
Muchiitiko ichi, tattoo yenyuchi neyezuva haina kungoshanda sechinhu chakakosha pakuzivikanwa, asiwo yakabatsira kutsanangura mamiriro emagariro evanhu nemanzwiro avo. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoreva nguva dzinokosha dzemunhu oga: makore ekupemberera, kuzvarwa, kana kurasikirwaNdosaka, muSpain nemune dzimwe nyika dzemuEurope, vaongorori vanosanganisira mifananidzo yematattoo muzvikumbiro zvekubatsirana kwevagari, vachitsvaga nhengo dzemhuri kana shamwari dzinoziva dhizaini yacho.
Mamiriro ezvinhu emitumbi iri panzvimbo yekuongorora mafambiro emuviri, yakamirira nhengo dzemhuri kuti dzitore matanho ekurapa, inoratidza chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti kuzivikanwa nematattoo kuve nebasa rakakosha: kana vanhu vakabatwa vari vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kana kuti vasina hukama hwepedyo hwemhuri, mavara aya eganda anogona kunge ari iwo ega nzira yekuziva kuti munhu wacho afa. kubatana kwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana pakati penyika yakaitika mhosva nenzvimbo yakabvaMuchokwadi, izvi zvinosanganisira kutaurirana ruzivo rwematattoos kune makonsola, maattachés, uye masocial network.
Dzimwe nguva apo ma tattoo anopa zviratidzo zvakakosha
Kunze kwekuponda vanhu kunosanganisira maronda akawanda ekupfurwa kana kuwanikwa mumaruwa, matattoo akakoshawo mumamiriro ezvinhu apo muviri wakaora zvakanyanya kana kuti nhengo dzawo dzisipo. Muzviitiko izvi, nyanzvi dzezvekuongorora dzinoomerera kune chero chinhu chakagadzikana chinobatsira pakuvakazve hunhu hwemunhu akabatwa, uye Matattoo anowanzogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mamwe maitiro epamusoro..
Mune zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutumbi wemurume wakawanikwa waora zvakanyanya pamhenderekedzo yerwizi, usina musoro uye mbatya dzake dzisina kubatwa. Kunyangwe kusavapo kwedehenya pakutanga kwakashamisa nharaunda, ongororo yekutanga yezvekuferefeta yakaratidza kuti kurasikirwa uku kunogona kunge kwakabatana nekufamba kwenguva uye kushanda kwemvura, kwete kungocheka musoro nemaune.
Muchiitiko ichi, sezvakaita mune zvimwe zvakafanana, mbatya, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa munzvimbo iyi, uye pamusoro pezvose, tattoo iri pane rimwe remaoko Ndivo vakava pokutangira kuzivikanwa. Mutumbi wacho wakazoendeswa kusangano rezvekuferefeta, uko kwakarongwa kuongororwa kwechitunha uye kwakaitwa ongororo yezvakafambwa nevanhu vakashaika, zvigunwe, uye zvinhu zvinovasiyanisa nevamwe.
Panguva iyi, mune imwe nyaya, nyanzvi dzezvekuongorora matongo dzakawana mutumbi wemukadzi munzvimbo isina chinhu, zvakare yaora zvakanyanya. Pakati pezvinhu zvake paive nekadhi reID rine zita rake nezita remhuri, asi vane masimba vakangwarira: kusvika zvasimbiswa nekuongororwa kwezvekuongorora matongo, gwaro iri harina kuonekwa sehumbowo hwekuti ndiani. Matattoo aaive nawo paruoko rwake, ane izwi rekuti "GarcÃa" uye nhevedzano ye Matattoo enhamba dzechiRomaVakava chinhu chikuru chekusiyanisa hunhu ihwohwo nezvakanyorwa kare.
Rudzi urwu rwemusanganiswa—magwaro, matattoo, nezvimwe zviratidzo—chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswawo muEurope. Pfungwa yacho iri nyore: kadhi kana chitupa chingave chisiri chemuviri wakawanikwa, asi tattoo, muchokwadi, ndiyo inozviita. Ndosaka nyanzvi dzichiramba dzichibatanidza mavara eganda neuchapupu hwemhuri neshamwari, dzichidzivisa kufunga kuti zita racho rakakwana kusvika rasimbiswa.
Semuenzaniso, muSpain, kana paine munhu ane zviratidzo zvakajeka zvinomusiyanisa, vaongorori vanowanzo tumira nyaya dzepamusoro-soro dzinotsanangura kwete zvipfeko chete kana hurefu, asiwo tsananguro dze mavanga, mavanga, kana kuboorwa kunoonekwaRuzivo urwu ndirwo runowanzo bvumira nhengo yemhuri kana munhu waanozivana naye kutaura nevane masimba kuti vatsanangure kuti pane mukana wekusangana.
Matekiniki, dhatabhesi, nematambudziko ekuziva tattoo
Kuwedzera kwekuzivikanwa kwemavara eganda kwakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko emapurisa nemapurisa. Nhasi uno, muSpain nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope, masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo nemasangano ekuongorora magandanga anoshanda ne madhatabhesi anonyora tsananguro nemifananidzo yematattoo yevanhu vakarasika, vanhu vasina kuzivikanwa, uye kunyange avo vakasungwa mune dzimwe nyaya.
Madhatabhesi aya anobvumira, semuenzaniso, tattoo inotsanangurwa se "nyuchi ine zuva renhamba paruoko" kuti itsvagwe mumaminitsi mashoma pakati pezvinyorwa zvakawanda. Kana munhu akarasika akashuma tattoo yakafanana, sisitimu iyi inogadzira mafananidzo anogona kutariswa nemaoko nenyanzvi. Kutarisa uku kunowedzera kukurumidza maitiro uye kudzivirira ruzivo rwakakodzera kuti rusarasike mumishumo yakareba.
Zvisinei, kushandisa matattoo senzira yekuziva munhu hakusi kusina matambudziko. Magadzirirwo akawanda anodzokororwa—mazita akajairika, mazuva ekuzvarwa, zviratidzo zvechitendero—uye mune dzimwe nguva vanhu vanotora matattoo muchivande kana kuti zvisina tsarukano, izvo zvinoita kuti tsananguro yacho iome. Nyanzvi dzezvekuongorora dzinofanira kudzidza kusiyanisa pakati zvinhu zvakajairika uye zvinhu zvakasiyana zvechokwadi, zvakaita sekubatanidza zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitiki, kunyora mumitauro chaiyo, kana kuti mamwe maitiro eunyanzvi.
Rimwe dambudziko rinowanzoitika kana muviri ukatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekutsva, kuora kwakanyanya, kana kuti wakanyudzwa mumvura kwenguva yakareba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvikamu zvetattoo zvinogona kurasikirwa netsananguro kana kutonyangarika, zvichimanikidza nyanzvi kuti dzishande nezvidimbu zvemavara kana mitsetse isina kukwana. Dzimwe nguva, vanoshandisa matekiniki chaiwo ekutora mifananidzo uye kuongorora pasi pechiedza chakasiyana kuti vanunure zvinhu zvisingaonekwe nemaziso.
Mumutemo, matattoo anoonekwawo sechimwe chikamu chepuzzle yeuchapupu. Kunyangwe achibatsira kuratidza hunhu, anowanzo fanirwa kutsigirwa nehumwe humbowo kuti asimbise kupomerwa kana kugadziriswazve kwezviitiko. Saka, tsika yakajairika muEurope ndeyekugara uchibatanidza ruzivo nezvematattoo mumishumo yakazara inosanganisira zvigunwe, DNA, ongororo ye ballistic, nezvimwe zvinhu zvehunyanzvi.
Hunhu hwevanhu: mhuri, kutama kwevanhu uye kuvharwa kwemhosva
Kunze kwenyaya yekuongorora hutachiona, kuzivikanwa nematattoo kune chikamu chakasimba chemunhu, chine chekuita ne magariro maonero ematotoKune mhuri zhinji, kuziva kuti ruva, shoko, kana zuva ravakagovana nemunhu akashaika kwakashanda... kugumisa kusava nechokwadi Zvinounza zororo mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza. Kunyange zvazvo kugamuchira nhau dzerufu kusiri nyore, kukwanisa kupora muviri nekuonekana kunoonekwa sedanho rinokosha.
Izvi zvinonyanya kuoma kana vanhu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi vari vanhu vasina mhuri munyika iri kuferefetwa mhosva iyi. Panyaya yehama mbiri dzekuVenezuela, kushaikwa kwehama dzakananga munharaunda iyi kwakaita kuti nzira dzekutora mitumbi yavo kubva kunzvimbo yekuongorora nyaya iyi dziome. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, tattoo yakagovaniswa yakaita kuti vaongorori vatange nzira yekutaurirana nevanhu vari munharaunda yavo, chimwe chinhu chinogona kusvika kunharaunda dziri muSpain, Italy, kana Germany, uko mhuri kana shamwari dzinogara.
Makonsora nemasangano anotsigira vanotama vave vabatsiri vakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Nekugamuchira ruzivo rwakadzama nezve tattoo, mavanga, nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinovaratidza, vanogona kuparadzira yambiro kuburikidza nesocial media nemapoka emunharaunda, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mumwe munhu azive dhizaini yacho uye ataure nevane masimba. Izvi zvinopfupisa daro riri pakati penzvimbo yemhosva nenyika yakabva, zvichibatsira... kuronga kudzoserwa kwevanhu kumusha kwavo pamwe nerutsigiro rwemhuri.
MuEurope, maitiro aya akarongwa mukati memitemo yekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese iyo dzimwe nguva inobvumira kubatanidza nyaya dzisingaite sedzisina hukama. Tattoo chaiyo, inotsanangurwa zvakajeka mumushumo wezvekuferefeta, inogona kufanana netsananguro yakapihwa mwedzi yapfuura mumushumo wemunhu akashaika wakaiswa mune imwe nyika. Kana izvi zvikaitika, nzira yekutaurirana inovhurwa pakati pevachuchisi nemapurisa munyika dzakasiyana, vanoshanda pamwe chete kusimbisa hunhu hwemunhu wacho.
Zvese izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti kuzivikanwa nematattoo hakusi nyaya yehunyanzvi chete, asi chishandiso chinobatsira kuvhara nyaya dzakavhurika uye kupa mhinduro kumhuri dzanga dzisina nhau kwenguva yakareba.Sezvo matattoo awanda muvanhu, kukosha kwawo kwawedzerawo munyaya dzekuferefeta mhosva nekurapa kwe forensic.
Ruzivo rwakawanikwa munyaya idzi runoratidza kuti, kunyange hazvo matattoo asingatsivi humbowo hwepamusoro hwezvekuferefeta, anoshanda senzvimbo yekutanga nekukurumidza uye, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, yakakosha. Mukuponda, kunyangarika, uye kuwanikwa kwemitumbi yakaora, mavara aya eganda ave chikamu chezvishandiso zvezvekuferefeta, muLatin America nemuSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, zvichibatsira mukuita kuti vashomanana vanobatwa vanoramba vasingazivikanwe sezvo kuferefeta kuri kufambira mberi zvine chokwadi.
