Yazvino yekuvandudza ye ChiSpanish duramazwi yasimbisa chimwe chinhu chaive chichifungidzirwa kwenguva refu mumugwagwa: izwi rekuti kurova Iye zvino yava chikamu chezvinyorwa zvepamutemo zveRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE). Zvaimboshandiswa pasina dambudziko muhurukuro, nzvimbo dzekushongedza tattoo, kana makiriniki erunako ikozvino zvave netsananguro yakajeka uye yakagovaniswa mukati mehurongwa hwemitemo.
Kuwedzera uku hakusi kwega kana kuti netsaona: chikamu chekuvandudzwa kwakakura umo RAE iri kugadzirisa duramazwi rayo kuti rienderane ne tsika nemaitiro aripo iye zvinoKubva pakushandisa simba kusvika patsika dzekuzorora, kusanganisira runako rwemuviri, mhedzisiro yacho iDLE (Duramazwi reMutauro weSpanish) iro rinonyatsoratidza matauriro nekunyora kwevanhu nhasi muSpain nedzimwe nyika dzinotaura chiSpanish.
Chii chinonzwisiswa neRAE (Royal Spanish Academy) nekubaya?
Nekuiswa kwayo mudhijitari vhezheni 23.8.1 yeDLE, kurova inotsanangurwa se kuboora chikamu chemuviri yakasiyana nemuromo wenzeve, yakagadzirirwa kuiswa mhete, hoops kana zvimwe zvishongoIzwi iri rinoshandiswawo kuratidza zvishongo izvozvo pachazvo, saka izwi iri rinosanganisira buri nechinhu chekushongedza.
Maitiro edzidzo anoratidza kushandiswa kwakajairika pakati pevanhu kwemakumi emakore, kunyanya pakati pevanhu vechidiki nevateereri vemumagutaAsi kusvika pari zvino, yakanga isati yaiswa muduramazwi. Muchokwadi, inoziva zvinogona kuonekwa nemunhu wese mumigwagwa yeMadrid, Barcelona, ​​​​Valencia, kana Bilbao: tsiye dzakaboorwa, mhino, miromo, ndimi, kana tsinga dzenzeve senzira yekuratidza runako kana hunhu.
Nenzira iyi, Academy inodzivisa nzira dzinotsanangura uye inopa tsananguro yakananga inosiyanisa kurova yemhete yechinyakare iri muchikamu chechebvu, chinhu chakakosha mu nzvimbo dzehutano, pamutemo kana mutengi, umo zvinokurudzirwa kutaura zvakananga rudzi rwekuboorwa kwemuviri kuri kutaurwa nezvarwo.
Kubatanidzwa kwacho kunobatanidzawo chiperengo chave kushandiswa: maitiro ekuboora eChirungu anochengetedzwa, pasina kugadziriswa kwemavara, zvichienderana nezvinoitika kune mamwe maAnglicism akadzika midzi mukutaura kwezuva nezuva.
Kuboora uye nzira itsva dzekutumidza tsika dzevanhu
Musuwo we kurova Iyi haisi nyaya yega, asi chikamu chemashoko anoratidza shanduko mumararamiro edu, kudya, uye hukama hwedu. Pamwe chete neshoko iri, mamwe akabatanidzwa anotsanangura tsika dzemazuva ano dzekushamwaridzana, se kudya chikafu chisina kubikwa —kudya kwakavakirwa pazvikafu zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanyanya uye zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanyanya— kana kuzvishandisa kureva, pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, kugadzirwa kwesimba, rinowanzo dzorerwa, rakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nega.
Mukuita kumwe chete, RAE inobvuma kukura kwekutaura kwakabatana ne nzira itsva dzekuzorora nekushandisa, se Outlet, zvakabatana nekutengeswa kwezvinhu pamutengo wakaderera, kana mazwi anobatanidzwa nenyika yemazuva ano yezvekudya, uko zviito zvechiito zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoonekwa sekuti texture kana mazita akaita se murimi wetruffle, yakatsaurirwa kurimwa kwetruffle.
Zvese izvi zvitsva zvinoratidza kuti Academy haichanyorese chete mazwi akadzidzwa kana ehunyanzvi, asiwo mazwi ayo nguva pfupi yapfuura aionekwa seanonyanya kutaurwa nevanhunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kana kuti dzakananga kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pajimu kusvika kukicheni yeavant-garde.
Kubva pamatatoo kuenda kuduramazwi: kurongeka kwerunako rwemuviri
Izvozvo kurova Kunyorwa muDLE zvinoreva, mukuita, kuzivikanwa kwe kugadzirisa kugadziriswa kwemuviri munzanga yeSpain neEurope. Izvo mumakore ekuma1990 zvaibatanidzwa netsika dzakasiyana-siyana, nhasi uno chikamu chenzvimbo yezuva nezuva, mune zvese zvisina kurongeka uye munzvimbo dzebasa uko kwave kusisina kushamisa kuona munhu ane zvishongo zvakasiyana-siyana pachiso chake kana mumuviri wake.
Duramazwi, richitsanangura kuboora se "chishongo," rinoshandisa chimiro chinotsanangura uye chisina kwarakarerekera, pasina kuongorora maitiro kana runako. Tsanangudzo yacho inongotaura kuti kuboora kunoitwa kuti isa chinhu chekushongedzaIzvi zvinoenderana nepfungwa yakapararira yekuti munhu anoboora muviri senzira yekuratidza mufananidzo wake, kuratidza matanho ehupenyu hwake, kana kuratidza kuti ari wemamwe mapoka.
Uyezve, chokwadi chekuti kuboorwa kunoitwa muchikamu chemuviri "kunze kwebvudzi renzeve" chinoratidza musiyano uripo kare: kana tichitaura nezve "mhete" muchimiro chimwe chete, munhu anowanzo funga nezvebvudzi renzeve; kana tichitaura nezve "kupfeka kuboorwa", mufananidzo unoshanduka kuenda kumaziso, mhino, rurimi, guvhu kana dzimwe nzvimbo.
Muchirevo ichi, kupinda kwe kurova zvinosimbisa kugona kweduramazwi kutsanangura zvinhu chaizvo izvo zvatogamuchirwa zvizere nechikamu chikuru chevanhu, asi izvo zvakanga zvisati zvatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo mubhuku remareferensi.
Kuvandudzwa kwakakura: tekinoroji, network uye mutauro wekutaura
Kunyangwe hazvo nzvimbo inotariswa pano ichitongwa ne kurovaIyi update inosanganisira mazwi akasiyana-siyana anopa zviratidzo pamusoro pekwakanangana neSpanish. Munyaya yedhijitari, mazwi akadai se kumhanyira, GIF, hashtag o Login, pamwe chete neshoko rechiito pinda mukati, iro ratove rakanyatsoenderana nemapereterwo emutauro wacho, richichengetedza dingindira reChirungu asi riine conjugation yechiSpanish.
RAE inobatanidza akawanda emafomu aya pasi pezita rekuti mazwi asina kujeka ekunzeMashoko iwayo akanyorwa sezvaanobva, akatsveyamiswa mumagwaro epamutemo, nekuti maperetirwo awo haaenderane nemagadzirirwo akajairika echiSpanish. Uku kubvuma kuti, pasinei nekuyedza kupa dzimwe nzira—nyaya inozivikanwa yekuti "güisqui" ndiyo muenzaniso unonyanya kutaurwa kubva mukati mesangano pacharo—vatauri ndivo vanozopedzisira vaisa mitemo. chimiro chipi chinokunda.
Pamwe chete nemashoko edhijitari, duramazwi iri rinewo mamwe mashoko akajairika, emumugwagwa, emutauro, uye anonyorwa akadai sekuti "kuita". simpa —kubva panzvimbo isina kubhadhara— kana kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwe utsinye seshoko rinoreva zvakafanana ne "hukuru". Kunyangwe zvisina hukama zvakananga nenyika ye kurovaNdiwo mativi enzvimbo imwechete yemitauro yemagariro evanhu umo runako, nguva yekuzorora, tekinoroji uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvinosangana pasina miganhu yakajeka.
Munzvimbo iyi, kuvapo kwemashoko akadai se Tourismophobia o Kutya kweEurophobia Zvinoratidza kuti duramazwi iri rinosanganisirawo sei mazwi akabuda muhurukuro dzeveruzhinji nedzevenhau muEurope, uko kunetseka nezvekushanya kwevanhu vakawanda kana kusada chirongwa chenharaunda kwakapinda mumisoro yenhau nenhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika.
Maitiro uye maitiro ekuti izwi rakaita sekubaya riiswe muDLE
RAE inosimbirira kuti hapana chimwe chezviwedzerwa izvi, kusanganisira che kurovaInopindura pane zvimwe zviitiko. Seri kwechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe pane maitiro ekutarisa nekuongorora umo Institute of Lexicography nezvikoro zvinoumba Association of Spanish Language Academies (ASALE), zvakapararira munyika yose inotaura chiSpanish, zvinobatanidzwa.
Manyuko ezvinyorwa anotangira pamakambani ekunyora uye madhatabhesi kusvika kunhau, mabhuku emazuva ano, masocial network uye, mune dzimwe nguva, mazano kubva kumapoka ehunyanzvi kana evanhu vanoti vanobvuma mamwe mazwi. Mukuvandudzwa kwazvino, semuenzaniso, zvakataurwa kuti izwi kuzvishandisa Yakasvika ichitsigirwa nemasangano ane chekuita nechikamu chemagetsi.
Munyaya ye kurovaChinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti rinoshandiswa kakawanda sei uye rakagadzikana, muSpain nemune dzimwe nyika. Izwi iri rakapfuura mafambiro ekare uye rinowanikwa mumitemo yemaguta, magwaro ekurapa, mabhuku akasarudzika, uye mishandirapamwe yekudzivirira hutanopamwe chete nekushambadzira kana mutauro wemumugwagwa.
Sangano iri rinosimbisa kuti duramazwi harina chinangwa chekumanikidza munhu kuti ataure sei, asi nyora kuti munhu anotaura seiSaka, mashoko ekuti kuboora haamanikidze munhu kushandisa izwi iri, asi anopa pfungwa yakafanana kune avo vanorida munyaya dzedzidzo, pamutemo, kana ruzivo.
Kuratidzwa kwechinyorwa chinotevera cheDuramazwi rechi24
Shanduro yedhijitari 23.8.1 yeDLE, iyo inosanganisira kurova Pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva mazana matatu, zvinosanganisira mazwi matsva, tsananguro, uye shanduko, inoshanda se Kuongororwa kwechinyorwa chechi24 Chinyorwa chakadhindwa, chakarongwa neRAE neASALE, chine chinangwa chekupa kudzokororwa kwakakura uye kwakadzama kwerekodhi yemaduramazwi.
Patinenge takamirira shanduro yakadhindwa, chishandiso chepamhepo chinobvumira shanduko zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, manzwi ane chekuita ne sainzi, tekinoroji, biology, kana mushonga —senge exoskeleton, autovaccine kana rosacea— dzinoshanda pamwe chete nedzimwe dzinoratidza tsika dzemagariro evanhu, kubva pakudya zvisina kubikwa kusvika pakushandisa kurova sechishongo chemuviri.
Kuchinja-chinja uku kunoitwa kakawanda uye kudiki kunodzivirira duramazwi kuti risave rekare. Panguva imwe chete, zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti DLE iri kuenderera mberi, iyo inogadziriswa, kuwedzerwa uye kugadziridzwa gore negore kuti irambe iri pedyo nemutauro mupenyu.
Kuvapo kwa kurova Duramazwi reSpanish Language rinoratidza kuti muganhu uri pakati pezvinoonekwa setsika, zvehunyanzvi, kana zvetsika uri kuramba uchipararira: tsika dzerunako dzakatangira pamucheto dzava chikamu chetsika dzezuva nezuva, uye duramazwi rinongonyora shanduko iyi, richipa tsananguro yakafanana iyo, pasina kutonga mafashoni kana maitiro, inobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani uye kutumidza chokwadi chakatipoteredza.