Matattoo emitsara yechiLatin ane chimwe chinhu chaicho runako rusina kutaurwa uye rusingaperi mitauro mishoma inobudirira. Haisi nyaya yekungoda runako chete: ChiLatin chine mazana emakore enhoroondo, uzivi, mabhuku, uye zvekunamata, saka shoko rega rega rakazara nepfungwa dzakasiyana. Ndosaka tichiriona richishandiswa nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana: kubva kune vanoda tsika dzekare kusvika kune avo vanongotsvaga mutsara mupfupi une simba une chakavanzika.
Zvisinei, kusarudza tattoo muchiLatin hakusi nyore sekutsvaga mashoko akanaka paindaneti. Pane zvinhu zvidiki zvekufunga nezvazvo. girama, mamiriro ezvinhu, uye zvinoreva tsika izvo zvinobatsira kuziva kuti usakanganisa, kusashandura zvisina kunaka, kana mashoko asina kujeka. Uyezve, mazwi mazhinji echiLatin ave mazwi chaiwo etsika dzekuMadokero, anoshandiswa mumutemo, mushonga, mabhuku, uye uzivi, uye zvinonakidza kunzwisisa mavambo awo usati waanyora zvachose mumashoko edu.
Nei chiLatin chichiramba chichikwezva mumatattoo
ChiLatin chaive mutauro weRoma yekare uye hwaro hwemitauro yese yemazuva ano yeRomance, yakadai seSpanish, Italian, neFrench. rurimi rwaamai rwetsika dzedu Izvi zvinoita kuti matauriro ayo akawanda anzwike seanojairika kunyangwe kune mumwe munhu asina kumbobvira aidzidza. Uyezve, semutauro "wakafa", hauchachinji: zvaireva mazana emakore apfuura zvichiri kureva nanhasi, izvo zvinonyaradza kana tichitaura nezvematattoo anogara aripo.
Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chekukwezva kwayo ndiko kushandiswa kwayo munhoroondo mumamiriro ezvinhu e simba repfungwa nerechitenderoKwemazana emakore akawanda, chiLatin chaive mutauro weChechi, yunivhesiti, sainzi, nemutemo. Izvi zvakasiya zvasara zvekukosha: chirevo chechiLatin chinoratidza, zvinenge zviri nyore, kukosha, kufungisisa, uye kudzama, kunyangwe kana shoko riri nyore.
Pakupedzisira, pane chinhu chisingarambiki chine runako. Mazwi echiLatin anowanzo shandiswa pfupi, ine ruzha uye pfupi kwazvoIzvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira matattoo akavanzika, mashoma, uye akaenzana nemaonero. Zvinobvumira mutsetse mumwe chete wezvinyorwa kuratidza zviratidzo zvakawanda pasina kushandisa magadzirirwo akaomarara.
Zvinhu zvekutanga zvemutauro zvekufunga nezvazvo
Usati wamhanyira kusarudza mutsara, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chiLatin mutauro une girama rakasiyana chose MuchiSpanish. Hazvina kukwana kushandura shoko neshoko: kune zviitiko, zvidzikiso uye zviito zvinoshanduka zvichienderana nebasa rinozadzikiswa neshoko rega rega mumutsara.
ChiLatin chinoshandisa nzira ye nyaya dzegirama (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, vocative) zvinoratidzwa nekushandura magumo emazwi. Izvi zvinosarudza kana shoko richishanda semusoro wenyaya, chinhu chakananga, muridzi, nezvimwewo. Mukunyora tattoo, magumo asina kururama anogona kushandura zvinoreva kana kutoita kuti chirevo chisave chisina kururama mugirama.
Izvo zvinodiwawo kufunga nezve kurira kwemashokoChimiro chechiito chinoratidza munhu, nhamba, manzwiro, uye nguva, uye chinofanira kubvumirana nemusoro wenyaya. Matattoo mazhinji asina kushandurwa zvakanaka ane zvikanganiso zvekubvumirana, zvakaita semitsara ine chiito chimwe chete uye musoro wenyaya muzvizhinji, kana nguva dzechiito dzisingakodzeri zvinoreva chinangwa.
Chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisika ndechekurongeka kwemashoko. Kunyangwe chiLatin chichienderana nechimiro cheSOV (subject-object-verb), chinochinjika zvikuru uye chinobvumira rusununguko rwakakura, chichishandisa kurongeka kwemashoko senzira yekunyora. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mitsara miviri ine chirevo chimwe chete inogona kurongwa zvakasiyana. Pakunyora tattoo, munhu anowanzo tsvaga kuenzanisa pakati pekururama uye runako rwekuonapasina kurasikirwa negirama.
Kushanduka kwetsika dzechiLatin uye zvazvinoreva
Munhoroondo, chiLatin chinobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kweUmambo hweRoma uye kubatanidzwa kwetsika dzepamutemo, dzezvematongerwo enyika, uye dzemabhuku dzichiri kutibata nanhasi. Nekufamba kwenguva, chakashanduka kuita mitauro yeRomance, asi chakaramba chiri mutauro wetsika, sainzi nechitendero mukati meMiddle Ages uye chikamu chikuru cheModern Age.
Muchitendero, chiLatin chaive mutauro wechitendero wechiKristu chekuMadokero kwemazana emakore. Minamato yakawanda, nziyo dzechitendero, uye nzira dzechisakramende zvaive muchiLatin, izvo zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei zvirevo zvakawanda zvakanyorwa tattoo nhasi zvichibva pazviri. magwaro eBhaibheri, mamissal kana ma hymnalsIzvi zvinoita kuti matattoo aya ave chinhu chakasimba chekunamata kana chemweya.
Munyika yezvedzidzo, chiLatin chaishandiswa semutauro weuzivi, mutemo, nesainzi. Vanyori vakaita saCicero, Seneca, Thomas Aquinas, nenyanzvi dzemutemo weRoma vakanyora nemutauro uyu, vachisiya nhaka yezvirevo, maximums, uye tsananguro dzichiri kutaurwa nanhasi mumamiriro ezvinhu emutemo neavanhu, uye izvo zvinoendererawo mberi... Kugadzira muviri senzira yekudzoreredza tsika yepfungwa.
Panyaya yekufananidzira, kunyorwa tattoo yemutsara wechiLatin kunowanzoreva chishuwo chekubatana neizvozvo ndangariro yenhoroondo yebokaZvinosanganisira kuisa ruzivo rwako muhupenyu mukati memakore akawanda ekufungisisa kwevanhu nezvehupenyu, rufu, hunhu hwakanaka, ramangwana, uye rudo. Mutauro unoshanda sebhiriji pakati pezvazvino nezvakaitika kare rinoramba rakavanda.
Mhando dzemitsara yechiLatin inonyanya kuzivikanwa mumatattoo
Mukati memitauro yakawanda yechiLatin, mune mamwe mapoka emashoko, akadai se zvirevo zvakaita seCarpe diemMagadzirirwo aya anowanzo dzokororwa mumatattoo nekuda kwesimba rawo uye kupfupika kwawo. Maitiro ese anobatanidzwa nemamiriro etsika akasiyana, uye zvakakosha kunzwisisa izvi kuitira kuti meseji ienderane nezvinodiwa nemunhu wacho paganda rake.
Mitemo yetsika nepfungwa
Mashoko etsika nepfungwa anobva kuvanyori vekare ndiwo mamwe emapoka anonyanya kukumbirwa. Anowanzo batanidza pfungwa yakadzama mumashoko mashoma. maonero ehupenyu kana kurudziro yetsika. Mazhinji acho anoonekwa mumabhuku aCicero, Horace, Seneca, kana maStoiki, uye akapfuudzwa kwemazana emakore edzidzo yevanhu.
Mitemo iyi inotaura nezvenyaya dzakadai sekufamba kwenguva, kukosha kwekuzvibata zvine mwero, kugamuchira zvakafanotaurwa, uye kukosha kwehunhu hwakanaka kupfuura pfuma. Kuzvinyora paganda kunomiririra, neimwe nzira, kugamuchira pachena munhu mitemo yekuzvibata yemunhu, kambasi yemukati yetsika inotungamira zvisarudzo nemafungiro.
Maitiro emutemo uye kutonga kwemutemo weRoma
Nhaka yemutemo weRoma ndeimwe nzvimbo yakapfuma yemitsara yechiLatin. Mizhinji yacho ipfupiso pfupi inopfupikisa nheyo dzemutemo dzinokoshaMitemo iyi ichiri kushanda mumitemo yemazuva ano. Inoshandiswa muzvikoro zvemutemo, kumatare edzimhosva, uye mumabhuku ekudzidzisa, uye yave kushandiswawo mukunyora matattoo.
Matauriro akadai anowanzo fadza kunyanya nyanzvi dzemutemo kana vadzidzi, sezvo achishanda sechiratidzo che kuzvipira kururamisiro nekutonga kwemutemoKunewo avo vanovasarudza nekuda kwesimba ravo uye kujekesa kwavo, kunyangwe vasina chekuita nemutemo, sechiratidzo chekuremekedza mutemo nemitemo yekugara pamwe chete.
Manzwiro emunhu uye hunhu hwekare
Chimwe chikamu chinodzokororwa zvirevo zvipfupi zvinotarisa pahunhu hwekare: simba, ushingi, kutsungirira, kuvimbika, tariro. Aya mashoko anopfupikisa pfungwa yakajeka mumashoko mashoma uye anotora matattoo madiki pamaoko, mapfupa emutsipa, mbabvu, kana pamutsipa. Chinangwa chawo ndechekushanda se Chiyeuchidzo chemukati uye chirevo chekunze yehunhu hunokosheswa zvikuru.
Kazhinji, mashoko aya anokurudzirwa netsika dzechiuto, dzepfungwa, kana dzemitambo, uko chirango, kushanda nesimba, uye kuzvipira zvinoita basa guru. Nokudaro, anowanzobatanidzwa nenyaya dzemunhu dzekukunda matambudziko, shanduko dzehupenyu, kana sarudzo dzakakosha dzehupenyu idzo munhu anoda kurangarira.
Mashoko echitendero nemweya
Chikamu chemweya chinonzwika zvakanyanya mumitsara yakawanda yechiLatin kubva muBhaibheri, munamato, uye tsika dzechiPatristiki. ChiLatin, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwacho kwemazana emakore muChechi, chinoramba chine aura ye utsvene nekufungisisa izvo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inowanzoitwa kune avo vanoda tattoo yakafuridzirwa nechitendero.
Mitsara iyi inogona kunge iri mikumbiro mipfupi, zvidimbu zvemapisarema, kutaura kwekuvimba nerubatsiro, kana mashoko anotaura nezvekutenda, rudo, netariro. Kazhinji zvinosanganiswa ne graphic zviratidzo zvakaita semichinjiko, marozari, hove, zvibatiso kana moyo, vachigadzira nziyo dzine zviri mukati mekunamata kwakasimba.
Kukosha kwekushandura nekudzokorora zvakanaka
Chimwe chezvikanganiso zvinowanzoonekwa pakusarudza matattoo echiLatin ndechekuvimba nevashanduri vega kana mawebhusaiti asina kunyatsosimba. Mugumisiro wacho nderekuti mitsara isina kunyorwa zvakanaka, mazwi asipo, kana kuti zvarinoreva zvakachinjwa. Kuti udzivise izvi, zvakanaka kubvunza... munhu akadzidziswa philology yekarekana kuti kumabhuku edzidzo akasimbiswa.
Pamusoro pekushandura kwakajeka, zvakakosha kuongorora mamiriro ekutanga ekutaura kwachoMamwe mashoko ari kutenderera nhasi semashoko ekukurudzira anobva mumagwaro apo zvaari kureva zvaive zvinosetsa, zvinotsoropodza, kana kuti zvakaganhurirwa kune mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Pasina kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu aya, zviri nyore kunzwisisa meseji kana kuishandisa nenzira isina kurongwa nemunyori.
Zvinokurudzirwawo kunyatsoongorora chiperengo uye kusimbisaKunyange hazvo chiLatin chekare chisina kushandisa zviratidzo zvematauriro seedu, pane musiyano uripo pakati pemabhii (semuenzaniso, C naG, kana V naU muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana) zvinogona kuchinja zvachose zvinoreva. Chikanganiso chidiki chekunyora mutattoo chinogona kuoma kugadzirisa gare gare.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa kutaura kwacho kuti kuve kwemurume kana mukadzi kana nhamba chaiyo. Kana chirevo chekutanga chaive muchimiro chemurume uye munhu wacho achida kuti chienderane nechimiro chake kana nemumwe munhu chaiye, zvichave zvakakosha kuti gadzirisa magumo pasina kurasikirwa nekururama. Mashoko aya anoda ruzivo rwegirama; kunzwisisa chete hakuna kukwana.
Sarudzo yemaitiro ekuona uye nzvimbo
Hunhu hwakanaka hwematattoo echiLatin hunosimbiswa nekusarudza mafonti, saizi, uye nzvimbo yacho nokungwarira. Vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza dhizaini iri nyore, ine mabhii akajeka uye anoverengwakudzivirira kushongedzwa kwakanyanya kunotadzisa kuverenga. Mafonti akafuridzirwa neRoman calligraphy, classic serifs, kana balanced handwriting ndiwo anowanzo sarudzwa.
Nzvimbo yacho inokanganisawo maonero emashoko acho. Nzvimbo dzakavanda dzakadai seruoko rwemukati, mbabvu, mutsipa, kana ruoko rwemukati dzinobvumira chirevo ichi kushanda sechiratidzo. mantra yepedyoZvinonyanya kuonekwa nemunhu ane tattoo. Zvisinei, kuiisa pamaoko, pamutsipa, kana pamutsipa kunoita kuti ive pachena uye ionekwe nevanhu.
Vamwe vanhu vanosanganisa rugwaro nezvimwe zviratidzo: magirazi echiedza, makoramu, magirazi enguva, zviyero zveruramisiro, michinjikwa, shiri, nezvimwewo. Zvinhu izvi zvine mifananidzo zvinogona kusimbisa zvinoreva, asi hazvifanirwe kuderedza rugwaro pacharwo. kujeka kwemashoko echiLatinKurongwa kwakaringana kunofanira kuita kuti chirevo chiverengwe zviri nyore, kunyangwe uri kure.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kureba kwemutsara kunokanganisa dhizaini. Slogan pfupi inogona kunyorwa pamutsetse mumwe chete, nepo mashoko marefu achida mitsara yakati wandei kana kurongwa kwakakombama. Muzviitiko izvi, zvakakosha kuronga dhizaini nokungwarira nemugadziri wematattoo kuti isataridzike seyakazara vanhu kana kuti isina kuenzana.
Kukosha kwekufananidzira uye kugadzwa kweshoko racho semunhu
Kupfuura kukosha kwavo kwerunako netsika, matattoo emitsara yechiLatin anoshanda se zvibatiso zvekufananidzira kune zviitiko zvehupenyu chaihwo. Vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza izvi kuti vayeuke nguva dzekuchinja, kukunda kusuruvara, kuratidza chisarudzo chakakosha, kana kunyora chidzidzo chavasingade kukanganwa paganda ravo.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvikurudzirwi nguva dzose kungotevedzera mutsara unozivikanwa nekuti une mukurumbira. Zvakanaka, unofanira kuzvibvunza kuti chii chaizvo chaunoda kutaura wobva watarisa, mukati memabhuku echiLatin akapfuma, kuti uwane mashoko anonyatsoenderana nemanzwiro iwayo. nhoroondo chaiyoDzimwe nguva sirogani isinganyanyi kuzivikanwa inogona kuratidza zviri nani manzwiro ako.
Unogonawo kutamba nepfungwa yekuti mashoko acho haana kujeka. Vamwe vanosarudza mutsara unozivikanwa nevanhu vose, unonzwisiswa zviri nyore nemunhu wese ane ruzivo rwekutanga. Vamwe, zvisinei, vanosarudza kutaura kwakanyatsogadzirwa, nemidzi yehuzivi, yemutemo, kana yezvechitendero, iyo boka diki chete richakwanisa kuziva, vachishandura tattoo kuita kodhi inenge yakavanzika.
Chero zvazvingava, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti meseji yacho irambe ichireva munhu ane tattoo nekufamba kwenguva. ChiLatin, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakagadzikana uye kure kure nemutauro wezuva nezuva, inobatsira kuona kuti tattoo yacho haionekwe sechinhu chine chekuita nefashoni inopfuura, asi sechiratidzo chemunhu ane tattoo. chiratidzo chisingaperi chekuzivikanwa.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye nzira yekuzvidzivisa
Pakati pezvikanganiso zvinowanzoonekwa pakutora tattoo yechiLatin ndekushandisa mashoko enhemaMashoko akawanda anotaurwa nevanyori vekare vasina kumbobvira vanyora mashoko iwayo anopararira paindaneti. Usati wafunga kuti mashoko acho ndeechokwadi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uaongorore muzvinyorwa zvakakosha kana mumadhatabhesi edzidzo, kana kuti mune zvimwe zvinhu zvakavimbika.
Rimwe dambudziko rinowanzoitika nderekushandisa shanduro dzechiSpanish zvakanyanya. ChiLatin hachibvumiri nguva dzose kuenzana kwakananga kweshoko neshoko, uye kumanikidza kutaurirana kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera matambudziko. zvivakwa zvekugadzira kana zvisinganzwisisikeShanduro yakanaka inofanira kuremekedza chinangwa chemashoko ekutanga, kunyangwe zvichida kuti pave nekuchinja magadzirirwo kana kushandisa mamwe mashoko.
Unofanirawo kungwarira zvikuru nemashoko ane zvaanoreva zvakawanda. Mamwe mazwi echiLatin anofukidza minda yakakura yezvirevo uye anogona kuverengwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pasina ruzivo irworwo, chirevo chinoita sechisina mhosva chinogona kududzirwa nenzira inosetsa, yepabonde, kana yekunyomba—chimwe chinhu chausingawanzo da mu tattoo inogara iripo.
Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuongorora dhizaini yekupedzisira sezvaichanyorwa, uchitarisa bhii nebhii. Zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika kana uchichinja kubva padhirowa kuenda pastencil, uchichinja font, kana kunyangwe pakunyora rugwaro uchishandisa arufabheti yemuimbi wetattoo. cheki yekupedzisira yamiswa Usati watanga chidzidzo, unogona kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi akaoma kugadzirisa.
Kusarudza tattoo yemutauro wechiLatin kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungosarudza mazwi mashoma akanaka: zvinoreva kubatana nemutauro wakazara munhoroondo, kuteerera girama nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kushanda pamwe chete nemushanduri nemunyori wetattoo anonzwisisa runako. Kana zvaitwa nokungwarira uye nemazvo, mhedzisiro yacho inongova chikamu che runako rusina kunyatsotsanangurwa, kudzika kwekufananidzira, uye runako runogara kwenguva refu izvo zvinoenderana neganda uye nenhoroondo yemunhu anopfeka.
